Omega Unlimited: Toasting Time is Still not Linear

Thanks so much for your work! My students, who worked on this problem recently, will dig this for sure. It confirms much of what they suspected from Dan's original work. I will share it upon our return from break.

Omega Unlimited: Toasting Time is Still not Linear: "Well, I've finally completed my toaster experiment. I went through three loaves of bread and four or five days. My family is hap..."

2011 Blog Goals

To do as much of the following as I can:
1. Blog about connecting live classroom members to each other, in the actual room
2. To continue to show a new way data can be used in the classroom
3. Read and Respond to other quality blogs often

see you all then,

-jim

Fictional Frames for Team Building

There are many reasons to do a team building activity. To accomplish those goals, you have to accomplish something new during the team building activity. I suggest that you must create new leadership and not simply reinforce student leadership that already exists in your class.

This post is meant to accompany  my original team building post where I had set up the five parts of a team building session. Below, I'll take up Number two, "Frame the Activity."

1 – “Set Expectations” This component involves planning for and discussing both good and bad behaviors and what they look like.  

2 – “Frame the Activity” This component involves providing a fictional storyline to the activity.  

3 – “Facilitate the Activity” This component is just as it sounds.

4 – “Debrief the Activity” This component is perhaps the most important component because it is where the real learning occurs.  Debriefing is a group discussion about what took place, what was learned and what can be applied to real life from the activity.

Team Building Needs A Frame

Number Two - Framing

Framing an activity is to give a team building game a fictional plot.  The frame has different functions including adding excitement and helping to keep participants within the given rules.  We will learn more about that soon, but first let’s take this game example without a frame, then give it a frame to see the difference.

“You have laid down a starting line with a drawn rope. Across from that you place another parallel rope, 10 meters apart, which is the end point.  You ask students to get from one side to the other by using two hula-hoops that can only be moved when no one is standing in the hoops.  Hula-hoops cannot be picked up, rather they can only slide along the ground as far as you can reach.  Two people are allowed in each hula-hoop at a time.  Touching the floor in between the two ropes is not allowed, unless you are standing in the hula-hoop.  Should you touch the floor, it would result in the person being automatically out of the game.  Three minutes are allotted to complete the activity.  The goal is to get all teammates across in the given time.”

That was an uninspiring way to present a team building activity. The group’s motivation to complete the activity will be very low.  Now let’s look at the same activity, but using a frame to give rules and details about the activity.

“Students, you are on an island resort playing volleyball and swimming when suddenly the volcano on the island begins to erupt!  An employee of the resort tells your group that the lava flow will reach you in three minutes. In order to escape the lava flow, you need to cross this water to get to the next island where you will be safe (refer to the ropes as edges of two neighboring islands).  The only way to get off the island will be with these two boats (refer to the hula-hoops). The boats will not move unless they are empty, then you can slide the boats along the water as far as you can reach. Only two people can fit in the boat at one time.  When occupied, the boats can’t move.  No swimming is allowed, as ANYONE who touches the water will be eaten by sharks immediately. (Your goal is to get everyone to safety.) Ok, I think I can see the lava coming now.  You have three minutes… Go!”

While the rules remain the same, the frame truly changes the game into a new experience.  The frame provides a clear level of excitement that the same game without a frame cannot.  Done well, groups can lose themselves in their own imagination with lots of excitement.  This group has forgotten that they are learning, team building, or perhaps even in school. Groups getting lost in the activity will allow the instructor to take the game further than they may have imagined.

The frame will also help manage students in a few ways during the activity.  Perhaps most important is rule keeping.  If a student steps outside the boat (hula-hoop) on his or her own journey across the water (floor), all will react with loud cries or screams as it is strictly forbidden in the rules, as there are “sharks in the water”.  The group will be into the story and will want to keep true to it, meaning they will be more likely to hold to the rules.  Furthermore, you may see less deliberate cheating for the same reasons.  These likely cheaters have an imagination running about the sharks, lava and the boat along with everyone else.  Their imagination can act as a voice telling them to stay within the rules as they, too, wish to keep the story going.

In my experience it has, surprisingly, been teacher groups who keep each other within the rules better than any other group, adult or child.  Should a fellow teacher step outside of the hula-hoop on their way across, all members of the teacher groups will scream and shout, demanding an exit of that player from the game immediately.  “You’re dead!” the teachers will scream.  Only the smallest part of the unfortunate teacher’s foot need be out of the hoop in order to elicit such a response from his or her peers.  Teachers or not, all usually enjoy playing along with a story or a frame.

The third and final value to a frame comes with “adjusting the parameters.” It is a central part to proper facilitation. More will come in another post sometime soon.

Types of frames

Building a frame requires a little imagination and an idea in mind about what is to be accomplished.  As mentioned before, knowing your audience is important.  The same fictional plot may work well with one group, flop with another, and insult yet another.  There is no need to be completely original either.  The group’s pop culture, popular books, locations, etc. can be easily used to create a frame with the atmosphere you are looking for and a frame that students will enjoy. 

Some common and easily understood themes include: Volcanically active island/resort, deserted island, space, the moon, moon men, space monsters, pioneers crossing a river, pirates, jungles, hidden treasure, toxic waste.  There are an unlimited variety of frames that can be created, but what is most important is to pick something that fits your group and the game you have chosen.

Two main types of frame stories exist, which are reward and fear.  Reward frames are the hidden treasure type where the goal is to get/achieve something that they would want in real life. For example; money, food, and treasure work well.  The other, fear, seems to work incredibly well, and far better than reward, in my experience.  Examples include; space monster, sharks, and toxic waste.  Go with what works for you and your group, but don’t be afraid to try something new; the unexpected could be amazing.

SBG - Standards Based Grading with Skill Mastery

Going along with Think Thank Thunk, the following ideas are needed before one can effectively implement Standard Based Grading in their class. My analogue solution using a mastery wall as the framework or starting point for the disucssuion follows the below ideas and goes a little further. Consider the following if you are interested in making a mastery wall for yourself. 

From Think Thank Thunk:

1. Grades should reflect learning and nothing else. (i.e.: not behavior, nor organization . . .)
2. Later assessments should outweigh earlier assessments to indicate growth.
3. Practice should be safe, ungraded, experimental, and feedback heavy. (i.e. Homework is not graded)
4. “Skills” and low-level concepts should be emphasized within the context of richer issues.

Skill Mastery Wall - SBG - Standards Based Grading - Student Feedback

How to Assign Mastery on You New Mastery Wall

Now that you have your categories, units and assessments ready to go for your Mastery Wall, you must figure out what the benchmark is for mastery.  You, the classroom teacher, will be the one who ultimately makes the decision, but considerations would certainly need to be made to align these with your school, district or state standards. Likely, this has already been done for you with some sort of curriculum map or guide that can show you what students should be able to do.

Aside from alignment, there are a few guidelines to consider when determining mastery:

·      Commonly used on major, norm-referenced tests is 80% for mastery. Those tests are designed much differently, and should not be considered your benchmark for the tests you create.

·      It’s important to determine the questions on your test that best represent your vision of mastery.

·      The questions that best represent mastery should rarely be missed for a student to receive that mastery.

·      If your mastery is not a test, but rather a product such as a research essay in English class or a lab report, a bare minimum needs to be clearly determined and communicated to students along with exemplar pieces and clear rubrics that indicate mastery.

·      As much as possible the process should be objective.

·      Set the bar high and offer repeated attempts to make that benchmark.

·      Make sure you are teaching to the level of mastery.

NWEA MAP Test Abstract

I've been working on MAP testing recently and am now tasked with presenting the basics of the data representations to the staff at my school. here is a presentation that displays the basics about how the MAP test can be reported and used.

SBG - Standards Based Grading With Metacognition

The system that I use in my classroom does fall under the category of 'Standards Based Grading, but what I'd doing I hardly think of it as such. The genesis for what I do in my class came from determining mastery, much in the same way that the early SBG thinkers were looking at this. However, what I'm doing is focused around creating and building a learning environment and enhancing the metacognition for the student who has mastered a skill of one sort or another. SBG is generally using the same communication lines developed over the last century that were meant to communicate the standard letter grades.

Setting Up A ‘Skill Mastery Board’

I went through several trials that were less than successful before hitting on a system that was simple and integrated into what I was doing already. The first attempt was an ambitious undertaking to use every state standard outlined for my math students and I made an enormous chart where over 50 skills were listed horizontally and all 60 of my students were listed vertically. That was some 300 skills that I needed to assess the students on and determine mastery. While I created the program with great thought, it was a logistical nightmare.

A few years went by and my efforts were simplified by condensing what I was doing to make the program what it is today. It is now 12 mastery skills that represents the entire year’s curriculum in one clean and simple board. The skills are assessed through my tests that I already give, and the make-up for those who didn’t master a skill is a small project, in which pay off greatly. 

3 of My 12 'Mastery' Categories

To create your own mastery board, you must first start with a hard look at the curriculum and assessments that you are currently using. Break your curriculum into logical chunks that you intend to teach as units. Many teach from a book and that is fine, but the tests that are given by the textbook maker are not likely good enough for you to determine mastery.

Now break up your curriculum into pieces where you expect to have assessments. I currently use twelve pieces representing one-half of each of the six chapters that I teach each year. Across four grading quarters, That’s three assessments a quarter and roughly one assessment every three to three and a half weeks of class where I have nine, ten or eleven weeks in any given quarter. These twelve main concepts taught that fast may be too much, and sometimes I don’t complete all of them by the end of the year. I work to stay on pace, so long as it is what is best for the class.

Some classes don’t have such a linear progression. For example, when I taught science, I taught through a very strict inquiry-based model. All the skills were integrated and the students were exploring through experiences that I had set up for them. However, I did identify time periods where I would focus on one skill as an emphasis through mini-lessons, one-on-one work, and making that specific skill a clear and deliberate goal for us to be working on. Some of those included; data collection, asking 80 questions, measurement, creating a quality hypothesis, data analysis and drawing conclusions.

My assessments of students’ lab work and lab reports were focused on the skills that were being mastered at that moment. I would sometimes only grade in detail the skills being mastered, leaving the rest as a completion grade, when it made sense to do so. 

A View of all 12 Categories on a large 'Mastery' Wall

Creating your own 10-14 categories of skills will require your own assessment of your course, and thoughtfulness when you create your assessments, to be sure that what is being reflected in the assessment is what you and others would consider to be mastery.

The twelve standards that I have created are not very expressive and include several smaller ideas. To be more expressive, I’ve given the students their own sheet to track their skills that they have earned. On it are several “I Can” statements that outline the different kills.

The “I can” statements I also write onto the white board. I write the one that we will be working on that day in class. This is similar to a ‘target goal,’ and is a good way for students to stay connected to the mastery wall.

 This quote came from Think Thank Thunk when responding to an article in the N.Y. Times about SBG. I tend to agree with it, now lets get the message directly to the students themselves.

High Achievers?

Many people argue that SBG hurts “high achievers.” This could not be more ridiculous. You are not a high achiever, if you can’t do the work, present it well, and retain it. I’m sorry that a student used to getting A’s actually deserves a C+ based on content knowledge, but I’d rather they know that than get hit by the bus that is college.

I will be digging deeper into this mastery board concept later....

Omega Unlimited & Dy/Dan 'Toasty Lessons'

If you have been following  Dan Meyer’s blog and the Toast experiment, then you likely saw Chris's response on his Omega Unlimited blog. I couldn't but help notice how similar this work was to my 7th grader's introductory work to y=mx+b, graphing and their relationships. 

While I'd say that my student's remained more interested in their own projects and finishing those, the riveting introduction to the class Monday to the toast video was incredible. A few moments into the plotting of their data points and it became clear that what they have is not totally linear. 










So, it was a hit and it raised as many math questions that I could have guessed would happen. What great stuff. 





Future steps for me include making sure to take the context of all of our work and guide it in to the most contextual arena I can. I don't know that displaying and working on the toast with my class would be the very best way, but it was a fun way to get the day started. With minutes as their time unit, the best answer they got was y=1/2x+1.5 Clearly, a few issues still exist that need to be ironed out.

Forget the Data You Have Always Known

I'd like to suggest that the standardized test data that we all know and, well, despise is not the end of the data story. In fact, it's just the beginning of the story.

I've been bouncing around the educational blog world where I expected to find the best educators doing the greatest things. No doubt this is true, but I didn't expect that the word 'data' would be so two dimensional. So, I've begun to craft an argument for a new prospective on data and the introduction to that new idea goes something like this...

I first clued into the power of what simple data can do to a class my first year teaching. One day, I tallied up the scores to a test and wrote onto the whiteboard how many students received an; A, B, C, D, F or below. This suddenly took each section of science I was teaching to near silence. This was uncommon in my class that first year teaching! Immediately following were questions from many students as they wanted to know why some achieved better than others, what a good or bad test grade would mean for their overall class grade. Also assertions and accusations were flung out into the classroom environment that took aim at either the high achievers or the low achievers. 

A- 4 B- 11 C- 3 D- 3 F- 2

I wanted to provide some simple feedback on the test just as I had seen my high school teachers and college professors do from time to time. What I didn’t expect is such great focus in that very simple data. I didn’t expect all the questions and curiosity and I certainly didn’t expect the vicious undercurrent between my students to rear its ugly head at that moment. It was a lightning rod for attention and I could see that, but I didn’t know what to do about it.

Over the next several years, I continued to present data in a variety of ways and tried hard to capture that energy, harness it, and use it to my advantage. The result shaped my assessments, and created the simple graphs (coming soon with tons of examples), along with a keen sense about how I wanted to lead conversations about this information.

Those several years have led me to believe a few things about data:

1.    Data needs to be in the hands of the student, in a simple and clear way that they can understand.

2.    There is great power in holding class and individual conversations about their data.

3.    Students will universally, and naturally, experience important self-reflection when presented with data.

4.    If I create the right class environment, students will be able to handle the data with maturity.

5.    Student’s are hungry for accurate and impartial information about their progress.

6.    Students want the teacher on their side, to work with them.

Philosophy of Team Building Introduced

One of my favorite topics as this blog gets going will be facilitating team building activities. Now, I have been doing team building activities for over 12 years and I still am not sure if many people understand the fatal, and common, flaw when they try to lead one them selves. My argument goes something like this.

"If you run a team building activity where you set a problem for your classroom group to try and you sit back and watch as the do the activity, then the following will happen: the leaders will lead, the followers will follow and your group might be successful at completing an abstract task involving rope and hula-hopes. However, nothing changed about your classroom dynamics"

"So, what should you do?" I'm often asked

"The activity needs to be manipulated in real time to force the leaders to follow and to force the followers to lead"

Much more on that topic and these five main components to a team building activity coming soon.

1 – “Set Expectations” This component involves planning for and discussing both good and bad behaviors and what they look like.  

2 – “Frame the Activity” This component involves providing a fictional storyline to the activity.  

3 – “Facilitate the Activity” This component is just as it sounds.

4 – “Debrief the Activity” This component is perhaps the most important component because it is where the real learning occurs.  Debriefing is a group discussion about what took place, what was learned and what can be applied to real life from the activity.